Tabel Konversi Kekerasan minangka alat referensi praktis sing dirancang kanggo mbantu para insinyur, inspektur, teknisi, lan profesional kontrol kualitas kanthi akurat mbandhingake lan ngonversi nilai kekerasan materi ing macem-macem standar pengujian internasional. Tabel iki nyedhiyakake korelasi sing jelas antarane skala kekerasan sing umum digunakake, kayata Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, lan Shore, sing ngidini pangguna napsirake asil tes tanpa itungan sing rumit kanthi cepet. Iki njamin pangerten sing konsisten babagan sifat materi nalika nggarap spesifikasi, gambar, laporan inspeksi, utawa data pemasok saka macem-macem wilayah utawa industri.
Tabel iki ndhukung pengambilan keputusan sing efisien ing pemilihan bahan, verifikasi perawatan panas, kontrol proses mesin, lan jaminan kualitas kanthi nyuda risiko salah interpretasi ing antarane sistem kekerasan. Tabel iki digunakake sacara wiyar ing manufaktur, fabrikasi logam, otomotif, aerospace, teknik mesin, lan lingkungan pendidikan ing ngendi evaluasi bahan sing tepat penting.
Tabel Konversi Kekerasan minangka referensi penting kanggo para profesional sing mbutuhake perbandingan nilai kekerasan sing bisa dipercaya, komunikasi sing luwih apik ing antarane standar, lan penilaian sing akurat babagan kekuatan material, ketahanan aus, lan kinerja ing aplikasi industri lan teknik.
| Vickers Hv | HB | Rockwell | Rockwell Cethek | Shore Hs | Temsil Stemgth KG/mm2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRA | HRB | HRC | HRD | 15-N | 30-N | 45-N | ||||
| 940 | 85.6 | 68.0 | 76.9 | 93.2 | 84.4 | 75.4 | 97 | |||
| 920 | 85.3 | 67.5 | 76.5 | 93.0 | 84.0 | 74.8 | 96 | |||
| 900 | 85.0 | 67.0 | 76.1 | 92.9 | 83.6 | 74.2 | 95 | |||
| 880 | 84.7 | 66.4 | 75.7 | 92.7 | 83.1 | 73.6 | 93 | |||
| 860 | 84.4 | 65.9 | 75.3 | 95 | 82.7 | 73.1 | 92 | |||
| 840 | 84.1 | 65.3 | 74.8 | 92.3 | 82.2 | 72.2 | 91 | |||
| 820 | 83.8 | 64.7 | 74.3 | 92.1 | 81.7 | 71.8 | 90 | |||
| 800 | 83.4 | 64.0 | 73.8 | 91.8 | 81.1 | 71.0 | 88 | |||
| 780 | 83.0 | 63.3 | 73.3 | 91.5 | 80.4 | 70.2 | 87 | |||
| 760 | 82.6 | 62.5 | 72.6 | 91.2 | 79.7 | 69.4 | 86 | |||
| 740 | 82.2 | 61.8 | 72.1 | 91.0 | 79.1 | 68.6 | 84 | |||
| 720 | 81.8 | 61.0 | 71.5 | 90.7 | 78.4 | 67.7 | 83 | |||
| 700 | 81.3 | 60.1 | 70.8 | 90.3 | 77.6 | 66.7 | 81 | |||
| 690 | 81.1 | 59.7 | 70.5 | 90.1 | 77.2 | 66.2 | ||||
| 680 | 80.8 | 59.2 | 70.1 | 89.8 | 76.8 | 65.7 | 80 | |||
| 670 | 80.6 | 58.8 | 69.8 | 89.7 | 76.4 | 65.3 | ||||
| 660 | 80.3 | 58.3 | 69.4 | 89.5 | 75.9 | 64.7 | 79 | |||
| 650 | 80.0 | 57.8 | 69.0 | 89.2 | 75.5 | 64.1 | ||||
| 640 | 79.8 | 57.3 | 68.7 | 89.0 | 75.1 | 63.5 | 77 | |||
| 630 | 79.5 | 56.8 | 68.3 | 88.8 | 74.6 | 63.0 | ||||
| 620 | 79.2 | 56.3 | 67.9 | 88.5 | 74.2 | 62.4 | 75 | |||
| 610 | 78.9 | 55.7 | 67.5 | 88.2 | 73.6 | 61.7 | ||||
| 600 | 78.6 | 55.2 | 67.0 | 88.0 | 73.2 | 61.2 | 74 | |||
| 590 | 78.4 | 54.7 | 66.7 | 87.8 | 72.7 | 60.5 | 210 | |||
| 580 | 78.0 | 54.1 | 66.2 | 87.5 | 72.1 | 59.9 | 72 | 206 | ||
| 570 | 77.8 | 53.6 | 65.8 | 87.2 | 71.7 | 59.3 | 202 | |||
| 560 | 77.4 | 53.0 | 65.4 | 86.9 | 71.2 | 58.6 | 71 | 199 | ||
| 550 | (505) | 77.0 | 52.3 | 64.8 | 86.6 | 70.5 | 57.8 | 194 | ||
| 540 | (496) | 76.7 | 51.7 | 64.4 | 86.3 | 70.0 | 57.0 | 69 | 190 | |
| 530 | (488) | 76.4 | 51.1 | 63.9 | 86.0 | 69.5 | 56.2 | 186 | ||
| 520 | (480) | 76.1 | 50.5 | 63.5 | 85.7 | 69.0 | 55.6 | 67 | 183 | |
| 510 | (473) | 75.7 | 49.8 | 62.9 | 85.4 | 68.3 | 54.7 | 179 | ||
| 500 | (465) | 75.3 | 49.1 | 62.2 | 85.0 | 67.7 | 53.9 | 66 | 174 | |
| 490 | 456 | 74.9 | 48.4 | 61.6 | 84.7 | 67.1 | 53.1 | 169 | ||
| 480 | 448 | 74.5 | 47.7 | 61.3 | 84.3 | 66.4 | 52.2 | 64 | 165 | |
Atose materi minangka ukuran saka resistance materi kanggo ubah bentuk, utamane indentation permanen, scratching, nglereni, utawa abrasion. Iki minangka properti kritis kanggo milih bahan kanggo teknik, perkakas, gear, lan aplikasi sing tahan nyandhang. Ana macem-macem jinis atose gumantung saka jinis resistensi sing sampeyan ukur:
Jinis Hardness
Kekerasan Scratch
Resistance kanggo scratched utawa Cut.
Diukur dening Skala Mohs (digunakake kanggo mineral).
Kekerasan Indentasi
Resistance kanggo deformasi permanen saka beban tetep.
Paling umum ing logam lan komponen industri.
Diukur dening:
Kekerasan Brinell (HBW)
Kekerasan Rockwell (HRC, HRB, lsp)
Kekerasan Vickers (HV)
Rebound Hardness
Ngukur elastisitas kanthi sepira dhuwure obyek sing dicemplungake saka materi kasebut.
Diukur dening Scleroscope pantai (kurang umum digunakake).
Cara Uji Kekerasan Umum
| cara | aplikasi | Skala Tipikal | Cara kerjane |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brinell (HBW) | Logam alus-medium | 100–600 HBW | A werni baja dipencet menyang materi; indent gedhe = luwih alus |
| Rockwell (HRC/HRB) | logam umum | 20–70 HRC | Cone utawa bal indenter; ambane penetrasi diukur |
| Vickers (HV) | Bagian tipis utawa cilik | 100–1000+ HV | Indentor piramida berlian; banget pas |
| mohs | Mineral, lapisan | 1-10 | Test scratching nggunakake mineral referensi standar |
Tuladha Perbandingan
| Material | Brinell (HB) | Rockwell (HRC) | Vickers (HV) | mohs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baja alus | ~ 120 | - | ~ 130 | ~4 |
| Baja alat sing atos | ~ 600 | 60–65 HRC | ~ 800 | ~ 8.5 |
| titanium | ~ 200 | 30–40 HRC | ~300–400 | ~6 |
| Kaca | - | - | - | ~ 6.5 |
| Diamond (paling angel) | - | - | - | 10 |
Apa Hardness Matters
Nyuda resistansi: Bahan sing luwih atos nolak nyandhang luwih apik (kritis kanggo gear, mati, alat pemotong).
Kemampuan: Bahan sing atos banget angel dipotong utawa dikebor.
Kesel lan kekuatan: Umumé, atose sing luwih dhuwur bisa sesambungan karo kekuatan tarik sing luwih dhuwur.
Efek perawatan panas: Akeh logam (kaya baja) dipanasake kanggo ngunggahake atose liwat lumahing utawa liwat hardening.
Kekerasan ing Gir lan Bagian Mekanik
Gigi gear asring lumahing-hardened (contone, liwat karburator, nitriding, utawa induksi hardening) kanggo nggabungake a hard, lumahing tahan nyandhang karo angel, inti ductile.
khas atose lumahing gear:
Baja karburisasi: 58–62 HRC
Induksi hardened: 50–60 HRC
Baja nitrided: ~1000–1200 HV
Kekerasan material ora padha karo kekuatan, kateguhan, utawa brittleness, nanging hubungane raket. Ing atose sing tepat gumantung karo apa bagean sampeyan kudu dilakoni - apa kudu nolak nyandhang, tahan impact, utawa ngidinke mlengkung.